Reservists serving in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the Operation Swords of Iron demonstrated significantly greater psychological resilience than conscripts, according to a new study by researchers at Tel-Hai Academic College.
The study, led by Dr. Bat-El Hazan-Liran and Prof. Ofra Walter from the college’s Faculty of Education, assessed the emotional and mental health of 233 soldiers. It focused on three areas: psychological capital (resilience, optimism, hope and self-efficacy), social support and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and overall happiness).
The researchers found that reservists outperformed conscripts in both resilience and overall psychological capital. Despite facing similar battlefield pressures, reservists also reported higher life satisfaction and a more positive outlook on their personal circumstances.
While levels of social support were broadly similar, reservists reported slightly stronger support - an edge the researchers attributed to wider public recognition of their role.
Conscripts, who tend to be younger and have less life experience, showed lower levels of resilience and well-being. The study noted that they are more vulnerable to burnout, particularly during extended periods of military service.
A 'pillar' of the IDF
A strong correlation was also found between psychological capital and overall well-being. Soldiers with higher levels of resilience, hope and optimism reported being more satisfied with their lives. Those with greater social support also showed more psychological stability.
“The gap is significant,” the researchers concluded. “Reservists benefit from a clear psychological advantage that enables them to cope more effectively with the pressures of war. Conscripts, however, are at a disadvantage and require additional support to maintain their mental health.”
Hazan-Liran and Walter stressed that the findings carry practical implications. They noted that reservists, drawing on their civilian experience, often serve as sources of guidance and stability for younger soldiers. The researchers called on the IDF and health authorities to invest in building the psychological resources of conscripts.
They recommended implementing structured mentoring programs, where reservists can help younger soldiers develop coping tools and resilience.
“Reservists are not only an operational force,” the study noted. “They are also a psychological pillar for the military. The gap identified with conscripts is both a warning sign and an opportunity to create programs that strengthen the younger generation through the resilience of their veteran counterparts.”