Neanderthals

Neanderthals' ancient toolkit included hammers, blades made from rhino teeth, study finds

Dental microwear analysis, which allows for the microscopic study of surface textures, confirmed that the marks were made after the animals' deaths, ruling out chewing or dietary wear and tear.

Rupert van Der Werff from Summers Place Auctions with a rare skeleton of a long-extinct woolly rhinoceros in Billingshurst, England, March 5, 2019; file photo.
Views from five different angles of a molar of an adult Neanderthal individual, discovered at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Siberia region of Russia and dating to about 59,000 years ago, seen in this undated image released on May 13, 2026.

Neanderthal tooth from Siberian cave shows signs of earliest-known invasive dental surgery - study

 Neanderthal life. Illustration.

Extremely painful: Evidence suggests Neanderthals performed root canals 59,000 years ago

 Neanderthal communities in prehistoric Europe. How were they linked? (Illustrative)

Central-Eastern Europe's oldest Neanderthal group identified by DNA taken from teeth - study


Neanderthals hunted, butchered elephants, study reveals

The evidence comes from the Neumark-Nord 1 site near Halle, Germany, where 3,122 bones, tusks, and teeth have been found.

A life-sized reconstruction of an adult male straight-tusked elephant (P. antiquus), in the Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Halle, Germany.

Prehistoric chefs experimented with flavors and new recipes, archaeologists say

Scientists now have the proof they need to definitively say that ancient humans and neanderthals may have shared recipes among their own.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.

UK Boxgrove fossils highlight complexities of human evolution in new study

A comparison between the UK's Boxgrove fossils and the Sima de Los Huesos in Spain has led to new understandings of the links between some of Europe's earliest humans.

 Four human species are represented here (H. erectus, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens).

Ancient DNA gives rare insight into how Neanderthal families lived

The findings of this peer-reviewed study shed light on the social organization and structure of Neanderthal communities and families, how they lived and who moved around.

 Neanderthal communities in prehistoric Europe. How were they linked? (Illustrative)

Neanderthals, early humans overlapped in Europe for thousands of years - study

A new study claims there was co-existence between two species of man over a duration of at least 1,400 to 2,900 years.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.

Ancient DNA from China suggests Native Americans’ Asian roots

The research behind this discovery started over three decades ago, when a group of Chinese archaeologists discovered a large set of bones in southern China’s Yunnan Province.

A DNA double helix is seen in an undated artist's illustration released by the National Human Genome Research Institute to Reuters on May 15, 2012.

The Neanderthal lifestyle: archeological insights from Valencia

The Los Aljezares open-air site is "rich in lithic, faunal and archaeobotanical materials, and well-dated in time."

The lower limbs of a Neanderthal analyzed

Analysis of 5,000-year-old DNA could help solve mystery of genetic changes in Europe

Two tall skeletons were discovered in Serbia, and their extracted DNA might help to shed light on the mystery of genetic changes that took place in Europe five thousand years ago.

 Excavations at the barrow burial mounds in Šajkaška, Serbia

Neanderthal genetic variant raises risk for COVID-19, protects from HIV - study

"Bad news if a person contracts COVID-19, good news because it offers protection against getting infected with HIV."

 HIV-infected T-cell.

New evidence shows history of human species more complex than thought

The most ancient human species includes fossils that date to the time at which our lineage separated from the lineages leading to chimpanzees and bonobos.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.