Washington struggled to maintain full accountability over sensitive American-supplied weapons in Israel during the first year of the Israel-Hamas war, a recent audit by the US Department of Defense (DoD) Inspector General (IG) revealed.
Due to the intensity of the conflict, operational constraints disrupted standard monitoring procedures.
The report, completed in December, examines how effectively the Pentagon is applying enhanced end-use monitoring (EEUM), the highest level of oversight applied to US defense articles considered particularly sensitive, such as advanced munitions, night-vision systems, and specialized weapons platforms.
Since it was partially redacted, it was not possible to identify which defense articles were involved. It stated, however, that US officials in Israel had been largely compliant in EEUM requirements before Hamas’s October 7, 2023, massacre.
However, once the war erupted, the US Embassy unit responsible for tracking – the Office of Defense Cooperation-Israel (ODC-I) – was unable to conduct many of the required on-site inspections and serial-number inventories.
Conditions had made it impossible for the ODC-I to carry out the annual in-person checks mandated by the Pentagon’s Security Assistance Management Manual.
The report found that from November 2024, the Pentagon had maintained records for only 44% of the platforms subject to enhanced monitoring, down from 69% before the war began. Much of the equipment was unable to be tracked because it had already been deployed by the IDF.
The audit cites a combination of factors, such as travel restrictions imposed by the US State Department, the rapidly shifting security environment, and staffing shortages within the ODC-I.
While the report notes that the ODC-I continued some monitoring activities, such as recording Israeli notifications of weapons expended in combat, it concludes that the DoD “only partially complied” with its own rules after the war began.
Large portions of the US tracking database contained outdated or incomplete information, and many items lacked updated disposition codes indicating whether they were deployed, stored, or unavailable for inspection.
The IG also faulted US Central Command and the Defense Security Cooperation Agency for failing to provide adequate oversight during the conflict. Both organizations are responsible for ensuring that embassy teams follow monitoring procedures and for intervening when compliance issues arise. The audit found that neither entity identified the emerging gaps or took steps to mitigate them.
“Without effective accountability, these EEUM defense articles could be acquired by adversaries in the region, it says.
“Adversaries who obtain EEUM defense articles would have firsthand access and knowledge of sensitive US weapon systems technology, decreasing the technological advantage on the battlefield and increasing the risk to the United States, partner nations, and allies,” the report warns.
The report also emphasizes that incomplete monitoring does not imply misuse of US weapons by Israel.
It highlights the difficulty of maintaining strict accountability during an active, high-intensity conflict and the risks that arise when documentation lags behind battlefield realities.
Enhanced monitoring is designed to ensure that sensitive US systems are stored securely, used according to bilateral agreements, and protected from diversion.
The IG issued four recommendations, including updating all disposition records in the US tracking system and restoring full annual inspections once conditions allow. One recommendation was closed during the audit after the ODC-I took corrective action, while the remaining three remain open pending further documentation.
Surge in military aid
The findings come at a time when US military aid to Israel has surged.
From October 2023 to April 2024, the United States made 42 deliveries of over four million munitions from strategic US stockpiles within Israel, the report said.
In addition, from October 2023 to August 2025, the DoD notified Congress of over $20 billion in military sales of defense articles to Israel, on top of the long-standing $3.8b. annual commitment under the 2016 Memorandum of Understanding.
As Israel continues implementing the first phase of the 2025 Gaza peace plan and the region transitions into a new security landscape, US officials say they expect monitoring activities to normalize.
But the audit underscores a broader challenge: how to maintain rigorous oversight of advanced weapons systems in the middle of a fast-moving, multi-front conflict.
The United States is facing comparable challenges with weapons sent to Ukraine, and it had similar issues during the war in Iraq when the Pentagon had trouble conducting inspections due to hostilities.