Hamas’s invasion of southern Israel and its massacre of more than 1,200 civilians and soldiers, and its kidnapping of 240, was a “strategic surprise” as military literature would define it, hearkening back to Imperial Japan’s historic Pearl Harbor attack.

Terrorist atrocities such as Al-Qaeda’s 9/11 in New York and Washington, DC, in 2001; the 7/7 London train bombings in 2005; and the March 2004 Madrid train bombings are contemporary examples of strategic surprise.

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